Impact of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Erythropoietin Hormone Levels in Sera of Patients with Anemia Accompanied with Diabetic Kidney Disease

The present research aimed to study the clinical efficacy of novel of impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on erythropoietin hormone in blood. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by the chemical method. The synthesized nanoparticles were diagnosed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average particle size was 10.8 - 12.6 nm. Blood samples were collected from 68 samples, classified as 24 patients with diabetic, 24 patients with diabetic kidney disease, and a control group of 20 healthy males. The age for all groups ranged between 34 - 72 years old. For evaluating the effectiveness of the erythropoietin (EPO) hormone with MgO NPs, the results showed a significant increase in the level of erythropoietin hormone with MgO NPs compared with the level of erythropoietin hormone without MgO NPs in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The activating percentage of erythropoietin hormone action was 84.8%. In conclusion, magnesium oxide nanoparticles may exhibit an impact on erythropoietin hormone and its receptor thus improving the "action", i.e. the binding and interaction between the hormone EPO and its receptors forming their complex. Therefore, the biochemical effects and physiological effects would be more controlled and regulated, thus increasing the level of hemoglobin in the blood and reducing the anemia state.